Liquid cooling technology types
Cold-plate cooling: cold plates touch the CPU/GPU, absorb heat, and carry it away with chilled water. Immersion cooling: the entire server is submerged in a dielectric fluid; heat exchange happens externally. Two-phase immersion: the server is fully submerged in a non-conductive mineral oil, and the fluid boils to carry heat away.
Advantages of liquid cooling
Higher efficiency: liquid carries far more heat per unit than air. Lower PUE: significant reduction in cooling energy. High density support: 30–50 kW per rack and beyond. Quieter: less fan noise.